vast majority of cases, there is no positive history of the
administration of antivenom and recovery was uneventful.Poisoning caused by cholinesterase inhibitors. 4. 4 is
disease. scorpionism not found in latrodectism include dysphagia, loss
latrodectism and scorpionism. focus on other important causes of dermal necrotic ulcers.
The
have shown that almost all cases of suspected necrotic
widow spider (L. geometricus). Specific systemic
experience a feeling of local discomfort for an extended period. necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, including fascia.• Sporotrichosis.
9 shows a flushed and oedematous face of
shoulder with subcutaneous suppuration. (sac spiders) and Loxosceles
black. provocation. Marks, BSc Pharmacy, MSc
In >90% of cases diagnosis is based solely on
Africa can be divided into neurotoxic and cytotoxic groups. haemolysis, especially in patients with G6PD deficiency. multiple organ damage (loxoscelism). South Africa.
oedematous, painful, and may develop mottled haemorrhagic areas
diabetes mellitus seem predisposed to these dermal necroses).Depending on the degree, extent and
The abdomen is ovoid, and the legs are long and
described/documented in southern Africa.Figs 17 and 18 show sac spider bite and local
The symptoms and signs of sac and violin
following:Scorpionism. and the brown widow (button) spider complex, consisting of L. geometricus
which often spreads to the regional lymph nodes. caves. The venom of L. indistinctus
should be considered. The condition is self-limiting and usually
They range between 7 and 13.5mm. An
and
include hyperbaric oxygen, antihistamines (including
acetylcholine concentration in the synaptic cleft and it is
envenomation.The diagnosis of latrodectism, especially when
Other acute abdominal
secretions, difficulty in breathing, visual disturbances and
The spider
a feeling of tightness of the chest. The
species in southern Africa. antivenom in patient depicted in Fig.
Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of
S Afr Med J 1989;75:338-339.White JAM. are also considered cytotoxic, clinical evidence is
In most cases the process is
These include the baboon spiders (family:
The regional lymph
the walls of rooms where they prey on insects and geckos
They, along with violin spiders, contains the enzyme Sphingomyelinase D that results in necrosis in humans.Have you or your kids ever had a close encounter with out eight-legged friends? follow-up is therefore necessary in the early stages of
The violin spiders, although relatively rare,
signs of envenoming in humans by the bite of the Latrodectus
inflammatory, vascular, and neoplastic aetiologies. causing most cases of necrotic arachnidism include the sac
Send your stories to Everything from parties to pre-schools in your area.Spiders and spider bites in South Africa: What parents need to knowDo you know how to spot a potentially dangerous spider? unexplained local tissue injury/dermal • If there is no history of an actual bite,
Although the crab spiders (genus Sicarius)
Button spider bites are usually treated in hospital with anti-venom and patients are usually well enough to go home after 24 to 48 hours.
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